Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide is the name given to any aqueous (water-based) solution of ammonia. In pure form, it is a clear liquid that smells strongly of ammonia. Household ammonia usually is 5-10% ammonium hydroxide solution. Other names for ammonium hydroxide are: Ammonia (e.g., household ammonia) [versus anhydrous ammonia]Aqueous ammoniaAmmonia solutionAmmonia waterAmmonia liquorAmmonical liquorSpirit of Hartshorn Chemical Formula of Ammonium Hydroxide The chemical formula of ammonium hydroxide is  NH4OH, but in practice, ammonia deprotonates some of the water, so the species found in solution are a combination of NH3,  NH4,, and OH− in water. Ammonium Hydroxide Uses Household ammonia, which is ammonium hydroxide, is a common cleaner. Its also used as a disinfectant, food leavening agent, to treat straw for cattle feed, to enhance tobacco flavor, to cycle an aquarium without fish, and as a chemical precursor for hexamethylenetetramine and ethylenediamine. In the chemistry lab, it is used for qualitative inorganic analysis and to dissolve silver oxide. Concentration of Saturated Solution Its important for chemists to realize the concentration of a saturated ammonium hydroxide solution decreases as temperature increases. If a saturated solution of ammonium hydroxide is prepared at a cool temperature and the sealed container is heated, the concentration of the solution decreases and ammonia gas can build up in the container, potentially leading it to rupture. At a minimum, unsealing the warm container releases toxic ammonia vapors. Safety Ammonia in any form is toxic, whether it is inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested. Like most other bases, its also corrosive, which means it can burn skin or damage mucous membranes, such as eyes and the nasal cavity. Its also important to refrain from mixing ammonia with other household chemicals because they may react to release additional toxic fumes.

Story Line Andrea Sachs Essay - 2545 Words

Summary of story line Andrea Sachs is a young women that just graduated from Northwester University and has moved to New York City to pursue her dream job of being a journalist. However she gets a job every girl would want which is to be junior personal assistant to Miranda Priestly. Miranda is editor and chief of Runway magazine and to many in the fashion world she is seen as a goddess of fashion. At first Andrea has a hard time fitting in as she isn’t very into fashion and the other staff within Runway aren’t the friendliest people to work with. Not only are her colleagues hard to deal with but Miranda isn’t the easiest boss. However that doesn’t stop her as she is determined to just survive a year as Miranda’s assistant because it will help her get good opportunities in other jobs. When she disappoints Miranda and has a tough day she turns to one of her colleagues, Nigel. He helps her realize that she need to stop pitying herself and to work harder. He gives her a makeover so that she looks as though she fits in at work. When Nigel helps her we realize she has final been accepted by her colleagues. This helps her have the courage to get back up and not let anything hold her back. She is determined to get Miranda to like her which seems impossible as Miranda isn’t nice to anyone within the business. Then Andrea starts to feel as though her personal life is falling apart as she isn’t close with her family anymore, her boyfriend and her start having trouble and sheShow MoreRelatedThe Devils Wears Prada776 Words   |  4 PagesThe Devil Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger is the story of Andrea Sachs, a 23 year old woman who aspires to write for The New Yorker one day. After graduating from Brown University and traveling Europe for the summer, Andrea returns home and looks for a job while staying with her friend Lily in New York. 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Friedel †Crafts Acylation Synthesis of...

Introduction Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride was used in this experiement to synthesize 4-methoxyacetophenone with the use of a reflux apparatus. Friedel-Crafts reactions can be done by alkylation, which involves mixing an alkyl or acyl halide with a Lewis acid, or acylation, which is done with acid chlorides or anhydrides(Lefevre). Acylation was used because it does not have as many disadvantages aklyations reactions have such as polyalkylation, second electrophilic attacks, and the rearrangement of alkyl carbocation electrophile (McMurry). Acylation reactions require molar amounts of a Lewis catalyst, in our case Aluminum Chloride (AlCl 3) was used (Arata, Nakamura, Shouji). Materials and Methods Reflux†¦show more content†¦This was done for 15 minutes until there were no visible vapors coming from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then poured into a 50-mL beaker containing 5g of ice. The reaction flask was rinsed three times with 2 mL of dichloromethane. The rinsing was also added to the ice mixture. The mixture was transferred to a seperatory funnel. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, 1 mL) was added to the funnel and the funnel was shaken vigorously making sure to open one end periodically to allow air to escape. The layers were allowed to separate and the two layers were poured into two separate beakers. The organic layer was poured back into the funnel and this step was repeated once more with NaOH, then again with NaCl. Once the organic layer was separated, 520g of anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate was added to dry the layer. Distilling and Crystallizing the Product The organic layer was heated for approximately 30 minutes on a hot plate to try and remove the dichloromethane. Petroleum ether (1 mL) was added to a test tube and placed in an ice bath. The product from the flask was transferred to a watch glass. The 1 mL of petroleum ether was used to wash the crystals on the watch glass and was removed using a pipet. Results With the methods used, .053g of 4-Methoxyacetophenone was obtained. Discussion The theoretical yield of 4-Methoxyacetophenone is .764g. Our actual experimental yield was .053g. The percent yield was 6.9%.

Seven Benefits of Coconut Water free essay sample

Coconut water is the purest liquid second only to water itself. It has many health benefits and uses that you probably did not know about. Many persons have gone to the Caribbean , the Pacific Islands , Florida , Hawaii , South America or Southern Asia and have tasted some very refreshing coconut water. The palm trees you have become accustomed to while on vacation are very potent sources of coconut water that has many health benefits and uses that you probably did not know about. Coconut water is the purest liquid second only to water itself. It is chock full of electrolytes, calcium, potassium, magnesium; everything that is good for you. Coconut water is the liquid that is taken from unripe coconuts. If coconuts get ripe the liquid that is inside will harden and become a part of the white flesh of the coconut, which is used to make coconut milk. So, picking the coconut while it is unripe will ensure that the body gets all the benefits of coconut water. We will write a custom essay sample on Seven Benefits of Coconut Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Coconut Water Hydrates the Body Coconut water is an isotonic solution which replaces the fluids and minerals that the body loses during physical activities. For this reason, many athletes and persons who work out regularly are encouraged to drink coconut water to replace all the minerals and fluid that they lose while working out. Even the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) attest to the benefits of drinking coconut water when it fought for a patent in 2000 to market coconut water as the next big sports drinks. Coconut Water Relieves Urinary Problems If you consume coconut water on a regular basis it can reduce urinary problems. People who suffer from strangury, polyutra and other urinary ailments drink coconut water to relieve their symptoms. Coconut Water Kills Intestinal Worms Drinking coconut water